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The acanthus () is one of the most common plant forms to make foliage ornament and decoration in the architectural tradition emanating from Greece and Rome.
The relationship between acanthus ornament and the acanthus plant has been the subject of a long-standing controversy. Alois Riegl argued in his Stilfragen that acanthus ornament originated as a sculptural version of the palmette, and only later began to resemble Acanthus spinosus.
The Roman writer Vitruvius (c. 75 – c. 15 BC) related that the Corinthian order had been invented by Callimachus, a Greek architect and sculptor who was inspired by the sight of a votive basket that had been left on the grave of a young girl. A few of her toys were in it, and a square tile had been placed over the basket, to protect them from the weather. An acanthus plant had grown through the woven basket, mixing its spiny, deeply cut leaves with the weave of the basket.
File:Akantus Natur Architektur.JPG|Acanthuses, one natural and the rest manmade, on a Corinthian order capital
File:Xanten reconstructed composite capital.jpg|Reconstructed Corinthian capital, with original polychrome
Corinthian capital, AM of Epidauros, 202545.jpg|Ancient Greek Corinthian capital from the tholos at Epidaurus, Archaeological Museum of Epidaurus, Greece, said to have been designed by Polyclitus the Younger, 350 BC
File:Panel of Tellus, Ara Pacis, Rome (II).jpg|Roman acanthuses in an arabesque on the Ara Pacis, Rome, unknown architect and sculptors, 13-9 BC
File:Man being attacked by a panther - Sala della Sfinge - Domus aurea - Rome.jpg|Roman acanthuses that replace the legs of a figure of a man that is attacked by a panther, Sala della Sfinge, Domus Aurea, Rome, unknown painter, 65-68 AD
File:12.8 Temple of Hadrian in Ephesus.JPG|Roman acanthuses of the Temple of Hadrianus, Ephesus, Turkey, unknown architect or sculptor, 117-118
File:TopkapiSarayi-SecondoCortile-ColonnaLeoneImposta.jpg|Byzantine quasi-Corinthian capital of the Column of Leo, formerly in the Forum of Leo, Constantinople, now in a courtyard of the Topkapı Palace, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey, unknown architect or sculptor, 457-474
File:Pilastri Acritani.jpg|Byzantine acanthuses on the cornice at the top of the Pilastri Acritani (Pillars of Acre), originally in the Church of St. Polyeuctus, later taken and now displayed in the Piazzetta di San Marco, Venice, unknown architect or sculptor, 524-527 (2025). 9780714848105, Phaidon. ISBN 9780714848105
Ravenna Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo capitel.jpg|Byzantine quasi-Corinthian capital in the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, Italy, unknown architect or sculptor, 6th century
File:Column capital with acanthus leaf decoration, Spain, probably Cordoba,Umayyad Caliphate, 10th century AD, marble - Cincinnati Art Museum - DSC04137.JPG|Islamic capital with acanthuses, 10th century, marble, Cincinnati Art Museum, US
Tournus (71) Abbatiale Saint-Philibert - Intérieur - Chapiteau - 13.jpg|Romanesque quasi-Corinthian capital of the Church of St. Philibert, Tournus, France, unknown architect or sculptor, 1008 to mid-11th century
File:Entrechaux Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth 16x.JPG|Romanesque quasi-Corinthian capital of the Chapelle Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth d'Entrechaux, Entrechaux, France, unknown architect or sculptor, 12th century
File:Vienne Saint Maurice 28 07 2011 02 Feuille.jpg|Gothic acanthus on a corbel of the Vienne Cathedral, Vienne, France, unknown architect or sculptor, 1130-1529
File:Codex Sal IXc Boot.jpg|Gothic art acanthuses on a page of the Codex Salemitanus IX c, 15th century, tempera colors, gold paint, gold leaf, and ink on parchment, Heidelberg University Library, Heidelberg, Germany
Edward IV Plantagenet.jpg|Renaissance art acanthuses on the fabric worn by king Edward IV, portrait painted by Lucas Horenbout, 1470-1475
File:Visite Hôtel de Cluny 07 juillet 2015 4326.jpg|Gothic acanthuses on the Hôtel de Cluny, Paris, unknown architect or sculptor, 1485-1510
File:Parc de Versailles, Parterre du Midi, Vase, bronze, Claude Ballin, inv1850N°8968 01.jpg|Baroque garden vase with acanthuses, by Claude Ballin, 1665, bronze, Gardens of Versailles
File:Paris - le Dôme des Invalides - détail de la porte - 104.jpg|Baroque acanthuses of a monogram of Louis XIV on the entrance door of the Les Invalides, Paris, by Jules Hardouin-Mansart, 1677–1706
File:Palatul Brâncovenesc, Potlogi, DB, 4.JPG|Brâncovenesc acanthuses of a railing of the Potlogi Palace, Potlogi, Romania, unknown architect or sculptor, 1698
File:Horezu bicefal eagle.JPG|Brâncovenesc acanthuses of a railing of the Horezu Monastery, Horezu, Romania, unknown architect or sculptor, 17th-18th centuries
File:Commode MET DP108735.jpg|Baroque acanthuses on a commode, by André-Charles Boulle, 1710–1720, walnut veneered with ebony, marquetry of engraved brass and tortoiseshell, and gilt-bronze mounts, Metropolitan Museum of Art
File:Château de Versailles, salon d'Hercule, cheminée (tête d'Hercule), Antoine Vassé.jpg|Baroque mascaron with acanthuses in the Salon d'Hercule, 1724–1736, designed by Robert de Cotte, Jacques Gabriel
File:Alexis Peyrotte - Shell Cartouches and Acanthus Leaf Motif - Google Art Project.jpg|Rococo acanthuses, by Alexis Peyrotte, 1740, Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, New York
File:Alexis Peyrotte - Acanthus Leaf Design - Google Art Project.jpg|Rococo acanthus, by Alexis Peyrotte, 1740, Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, New York
File:Salon ovale de la princesse in the Hôtel de Soubise (10).jpg|Rococo acanthuses on a wall of the oval salon of the Princesse in Hôtel de Soubise, Paris, by Germain Boffrand, 1740
Départ de la rampe de l'escalier intérieur du Petit Trianon.jpg|Rococo acanthuses of a staircase railing in the Petit Trianon, Versailles, France, by Ange-Jacques Gabriel, 1764
Pair of Spindle Vases - OA 11090 - Louvre (08).jpg|Neoclassicism acanthuses on a vase, by the Sèvres Porcelain Manufactory, 1814, hard-paste porcelain with platinum background and gilt bronze mounts, Louvre
Ceiling of the Salle des Sept-Cheminées in the Louvre Palace (28223543502).jpg|Neoclassical acanthuses on the ceiling of the Salon des Sept cheminées, Louvre Palace, Paris, by Francisque Duret, 1851
File:Base of a column in the Grand foyer of the Opéra Garnier.jpg|Beaux Arts acanthuses on the base of a column in the Grand Foyer of the Palais Garnier, Paris, designed by Charles Garnier, 1860–1875
Austrian Parliament Building - colored sections 04.jpg|Greek Revival Corinthian pilasters on the Austrian Parliament Building, Vienna, by Theophil von Hansen, 1873–1883
File:Mayeux Vase - OA 2467 - Louvre (02).jpg|Neoclassical Medusa mascaron with acanthuses on a handle of the Mayeux Vase, by the Sèvres Porcelain Manufactory, 1878, hard-paste porcelain, gilded copper molding on the collar, and gilded bronze handles, Louvre
File:Materials and documents of architecture and sculpture - classified alphabetically (1915) (14779646911).jpg|Neoclassical terracotta and enamel acanthuses of the door of the fine art hall of the Exposition Universelle of 1878, Paris, by Paul Sedille, 1878
4 Șoseaua Pavel D. Kiseleff, Bucharest (01).jpg|Romanian Revival acanthuses on a stained-glass window of the (Șoseaua Kiseleff no. 4), Bucharest, Romania, by Ion Mincu, 1889-1892
File:3-5 Strada Icoanei, Bucharest (44).jpg|Romanian Revival glazed ceramic acanthus in the courtyard of the Central Girls' School (Strada Icoanei no. 3-5), Bucharest, by Ion Mincu, 1890
Polychrome stucco fragment from Strada Plantelor no. 4, in the UNARTE Building at no. 28 Calea Griviței, Bucharest (01).jpg|Beaux Arts ceiling stucco fragment from Strada Plantelor no. 4, Bucharest, Romania, unknown architect, 1891
File:Grave of Georgiev Brothers in the Bellu Cemetery in Bucharest, Romania (05).jpg|Romanian Revival acanthuses on the Gheorghieff Brothers Tomb, Bellu Cemetery, Bucharest, by Ion Mincu, 1900
File:Écoinçon en bronze sculpté des vitraux de la façade de la boutique Fouquet, D.8078(26).jpg|Art Nouveau and Gothic Revival acanthus designed as a bronze element of a stained glass window of Bijouterie Fouquet in Paris, by Alphonse Mucha, 1900, charcoal drawing, Musée Carnavalet, Paris
File:Portique monumental Jules-Félix Coutan 004.JPG|Art Nouveau corbels with Byzantine Revival acanthuses on the portico monumental Jules-Félix Coutan in the Félix-Desruelles Square, Paris, by Jules Coutan and the Sèvres Porcelain Manufactory, 1900
PetitPalaisParisIngresso.jpg|Beaux Arts acanthuses on the Petit Palais, Paris, by Charles Giraud, 1900
File:15-17 Strada Jules Michelet, Bucharest (33).jpg|Art Deco acanthus in Strada Jules Michelet no. 15-17, Bucharest, by Victor Ștefănescu, 1920
File:24 Strada Louis Pasteur, Bucharest (03).jpg|Romanian Revival acanthuses of fish in a relief of Strada Louis Pasteur no. 24, Bucharest, unknown architect, 1930
12 Strada Carol Davila, Bucharest (01).jpg|Romanian Revival capital with acanthuses of Strada Carol Davila no. 12, Bucharest, unknown architect, 1930
File:South Bay Galleria column, Redondo Beach, California, US, by RTKL Associates and Theo Kondos Associates, 1985.png|Postmodern neon Corinthian capital in South Bay Galleria, Redondo Beach, California, US, by RTKL Associates and Theo Kondos Associates, 1985
File:Postmodern acanthus leave on the leg of a table in Cărturești Verona in Bucharest (01).jpg|Postmodernism acanthus leave on the leg of a table with different legs, unknown designer, 2010, painted wood, Cărturești Verona (Strada Arthur Verona no. 15), Bucharest
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